A rowing machine provides a comprehensive, low-impact workout engaging multiple muscle groups throughout the body. The exercise primarily strengthens the back, legs, and core, while also working the arms and shoulders. For example, the leg drive utilizes quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes, while the pulling motion activates the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, and trapezius muscles in the back. The core musculature, including the abdominals and obliques, stabilizes the body throughout the rowing stroke.
This type of exercise offers significant cardiovascular benefits and improves muscular endurance. Its low-impact nature makes it suitable for individuals of varying fitness levels and those seeking rehabilitation from injuries. Historically, rowing has been a recognized form of both competitive and recreational exercise, and the modern rowing machine effectively simulates the movements and benefits of on-the-water rowing.